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  • Assessing the Impact of the Graduation Approach in the Philippines

    Karin Schelzig and Amir Jilani

    ABSTRACT

    From 2018 to 2020, ADB implemented a pilot project to test the graduation approach, working with 2,400 households in Negros Occidental. One objective was to find cost-effective ways to sustainably reduce poverty and build resilience to socioeconomic shocks. In this brief, ADB highlights the findings and results at the end of the pilot’s implementation period, including promising new evidence from a September 2020 mobile phone survey of 1,243 households. Despite severe impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic especially on poor and vulnerable households, an average of 71% of the participating households met each of the graduation criteria in September 2020. The survey assessed resilience during the pandemic by comparing the experiences of pilot project households with households that only received government cash transfers.

    CITATION

    Schelzig, Karin; Jilani, Amir. 2021. Assessing the Impact of the Graduation Approach in the Philippines. ADB Briefs NO.169

  • Graduation Programs in Refugee and Conflict-Affected Settings​

    Strohm, Rachel

    ABSTRACT

    Powerpoint slides providing an overview of evidence on graduation programs in refugee and conflict-affected settings

    CITATION

    Strohm, Rachel 2021. Graduation Programs in Refugee and Conflict-Affected Settings​. PowerPoint Slides. Innovations for Poverty Action

    Multi-media Content
    ORGANIZATION
    Innovations for Poverty Action
  • Refugee Entrepreneurship, Business Ownership, and the Right to Work in Host Communities: A Legal Comparative Analysis

    The Tent Partnership for Refugees, Jones Day, Latham & Watkins LLP, Ozalp Law Firm, Winston & Strawn LLP

    ABSTRACT

    Low and middle-income countries host approximately 85% of all refugees in the world. In many of these countries, refugees often face legal barriers to start and operate their own businesses – preventing them from building their livelihoods. Even in countries where refugees can start businesses, laws are often implemented inconsistently and to the detriment of refugees. However, we know that when governments permit refugees to work and own businesses, they stimulate local economies by spending more on goods and services, generating tax revenue, and creating new jobs for locals and other refugees. This report provides a legal overview of policies affecting refugee entrepreneurship in eight select countries: Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey, and Uganda. The report, developed by law firms with global expertise, offers country-by-country insights on refugee laws and policies; enterprise development; and informal business activities. While each country analyzed in the report has seen an influx in its refugee population in recent years, these countries have varying degrees of formal laws, regulations, and policies governing the rights of refugees. The research suggests that adopting policies focusing on refugee and host community collaboration will best serve host countries by encouraging refugee self-reliance and promoting positive outcomes for all stakeholders.

    CITATION

    The Tent Partnership for Refugees, Jones Day, Latham & Watkins LLP, Ozalp Law Firm, Winston & Strawn LLP. 2021. "Refugee Entrepreneurship, Business Ownership, and the Right to Work in Host Communities: A Legal Comparative Analysis".

  • Have social protection responses to Covid-19 undermined or supported gender equality? Emerging lessons from a gender perspective

    Rebecca Holmes and Abigail Hunt

    ABSTRACT

    This paper examines the extent to which social protection responses to the crisis have recognised and addressed the gendered impacts of the crisis. Drawing on case studies from South Africa and Kerala, India, the paper looks at the design and implementation features of the social protection response from a gender perspective, and offers policy recommendations for strengthening gender in social protection and crisis response in the future.

    CITATION

    Holmes, R., Abigail Hunt. 2021. "Have social protection responses to Covid-19 undermined or supported gender equality? Emerging lessons from a gender perspective." Working paper. London: ODI

    Working Papers
    ORGANIZATION
    GIZ, Overseas Development Institute
  • Social protection provisions to refugees during the Covid-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from government and
    humanitarian responses

    Hagen-Zanker, Jessica; Nathalie Both

    ABSTRACT

    Refugees have been supported by innumerable cash or voucher interventions implemented by international humanitarian and development actors during the Covid-19 pandemic, but only a few of these have explicitly aligned or integrated with government social protection responses. Refugees residing in low- and middle-income countries have mostly been excluded from government social protection responses, and where they have been included (largely in Latin America and the Caribbean) this typically represents a continuation of pre-pandemic policy. This paper reviews the evidence on: 1. The inclusion of refugees in government-led social protection responses to Covid-19 in the Republic of Congo and Colombia 2. The alignment or integration of international humanitarian and development actors’ cash assistance to refugees and government social protection responses – focusing on Jordan and Pakistan.

    CITATION

    Hagen-Zanker, Jessica; Nathalie Both. 2021. Social protection provisions to refugees during the Covid-19 pandemic: Lessons learned from government and
    humanitarian responses. Working Paper no. 612. Overseas Development Institute.

    Working Papers
    ORGANIZATION
    Overseas Development Institute
  • Country Annex "Learnings on Linking Humanitarian Cash & Social Protection"

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group

    ABSTRACT

    Annex to the case studies

    CITATION

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group 2021 (e). Country Annex "Learnings on Linking Humanitarian Cash & Social Protection".

  • Case Study 3: Implementation of linked Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection interventions in response to COVID-19

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group

    ABSTRACT

    To share learning from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group on Linking Humanitarian Cash (HC) and Social Protection (SP) has drawn up a series of case studies that offer practical examples of how actors in a range of different contexts have aligned or linked elements of existing and/or nascent humanitarian and social protection approaches in cash-based responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Using concepts that have been captured in a combination of different theoretical frameworks, the case studies bring to life examples that show how a variety of stakeholders have linked different elements of HC and SP in COVID-19 responses and the successes and challenges faced in doing so. The case studies are organised around a combination of the humanitarian project cycle and the building blocks of the delivery chain. Learnings presented in this note have been drawn from the experience of sub group member agencies in several different countries. Case Study 3 looks at Implementation. Outreach and communications; information systems, registration and enrolment; payments/delivery; grievances and community feedback mechanism; transition and/or exit; monitoring and evidence.

    CITATION

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group 2021 (c). Case Study 3: Implementation of linked Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection interventions in response to COVID-19

  • Case Study 2: Designing linked Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection interventions in response to COVID-19

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group

    ABSTRACT

    To share learning from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group on Linking Humanitarian Cash (HC) and Social Protection (SP) has drawn up a series of case studies that offer practical examples of how actors in a range of different contexts have aligned or linked elements of existing and/or nascent humanitarian and social protection approaches in cash-based responses to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Using concepts that have been captured in a combination of different theoretical frameworks, the case studies bring to life examples that show how a variety of stakeholders have linked different elements of HC and SP in COVID-19 responses and the successes and challenges faced in doing so. The case studies are organised around a combination of the humanitarian project cycle and the building blocks of the delivery chain. Learnings presented in this note have been drawn from the experience of sub group member agencies in several different countries. Case Study 2 looks at Intervention design. Vulnerability and poverty assessments, informing eligibility/targeting design; transfer value and frequency; and conditionality.

    CITATION

    Grand Bargain Cash Workstream Sub-Group 2021 (b). Case Study 2: Designing linked Humanitarian Cash and Social Protection interventions in response to COVID-19

  • Pathways out of Extreme Poverty Tackling Psychosocial and Capital Constraints with a Multi-faceted Social Protection Program in Niger

    Thomas Bossuroy, Markus Goldstein, Dean Karlan, Harounan Kazianga, William Parienté, Patrick Premand, Catherine Thomas, Christopher Udry, Julia Vaillant, and Kelsey Wright

    ABSTRACT

    This paper analyzes a four-arm randomized evaluation of a multi-faceted economic inclusion intervention delivered by the Government of Niger to female beneficiaries of a national cash transfer program. All three treatment arms include a core package of group savings promotion, coaching, and entrepreneurship training, in addition to the regular cash transfers from the national program. The first variant also includes a lump-sum cash grant and is similar to a traditional graduation intervention (“capital” package). The second variant substitutes the cash grant with psychosocial interventions (“psychosocial” package). The third variant includes the cash grant and the psychosocial interventions (“full” package). The control group only receives the regular cash transfers from the national program. All three treatments generate large impacts on consumption and food security six and 18 months post-intervention. They increase participation and profits in women-led off-farm business and livestock activities, as well as improve various dimensions of psychosocial well-being. The impacts tend to be larger in the full treatment, followed by the capital and psychosocial treatments. Consumption impacts up to 18 months after the intervention already exceed costs in the psychosocial package (the benefit-cost ratio for the psychosocial package is 126 percent; full package, 95 percent; and capital package, 58 percent). These results highlight the value of addressing psychosocial constraints as well as capital constraints in government-implemented poverty reduction programs.

    CITATION

    Bossuroy, T., Markus Goldstein, Dean Karlan, Harounan Kazianga, William Parienté, Patrick Premand, Catherine Thomas, Christopher Udry, Julia Vaillant, Kelsey Wright. 2021. "Pathways Out of Extreme Poverty : Tackling Psychosocial and Capital Constraints with a Multi-faceted Social Protection Program in Niger." Policy Research Working Paper;No. 9562. World Bank, Washington, DC

  • United Nations – World Bank Partnership in Crisis-Affected Situations : 2020 UN-WB Partnership Monitoring Report

    WBG (World Bank Group) and UN (United Nations)

    ABSTRACT

    Over the last two decades, conflicts and crises have increasingly threatened global peace and stability, as well as sustainable development. Violent conflict has become more transnational and protracted, impacting both low- and middle-income countries. The world continues to face the largest forced displacement crisis ever recorded, with 79.5 million forcibly displaced people worldwide. Furthermore, climate change is a threat multiplier that can intensify fragility and conflict. Additional risks, such as those posed by technological change and demographic pressures, can pose challenges to even the most resilient societies as well. In 2020, fragility, conflict, and violence globally further intensified as a result of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) crisis, posing a major obstacle to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals and the World Bank Group's twin goals to end extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. The devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic pushed an estimated 19 to 30 million additional people in fragile and conflict-affected settings into extreme poverty, while threatening to double the number of food insecure people to 270 million globally. In the face of these global challenges, countries already threatened by conflict and crisis are among the most vulnerable. In 2020, many lacked the tools needed to respond to the pandemic’s far-reaching impact because of pre-existing vulnerabilities and gaps in social safety nets, health systems, deep regional disparities, and low levels of public trust. In several countries, the crisis has therefore exacerbated risks and grievances, leading to greater deprivation and social unrest.

    CITATION

    WBG (World Bank Group) and UN (United Nations).2021. United Nations – World Bank Partnership in Crisis-Affected Situations : 2020 UN-WB Partnership Monitoring Report (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.

    Reports
    ORGANIZATION
    World Bank, United Nations